Nws yog ib qho yooj yim heev rau tib neeg kom nkag siab txog lub hwj chim zoo, tab sis nws tsis yooj yim rau kev nkag siab tob txog lub hwj chim tsis zoo.Nyob rau hauv lub sinusoidal circuits, lub tswv yim ntawm reactive hwj chim yog tseeb, tab sis nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm harmonics, lub ntsiab lus ntawm reactive hwj chim yog tsis meej.Txawm li cas los xij, lub tswv yim ntawm reactive zog thiab qhov tseem ceeb ntawm reactive fais fab nyiaj them yog zoo ib yam.Lub zog reactive yuav tsum suav nrog kev them nyiaj ntawm lub zog reactive zog thiab harmonic reactive zog.
Reactive zog yog qhov tseem ceeb heev rau lub zog muab hluav taws xob thiab kev ua haujlwm thauj khoom.Lub impedance ntawm lub hwj chim system network Cheebtsam yog feem ntau inductive.Yog li ntawd, thiaj li yuav kis tau tus active quab yuam, yuav tsum muaj ib theem sib txawv ntawm lub transmitter thiab receiver, uas yuav ua tau tiav nyob rau hauv ib tug ncaj ntau ntau yam.Txhawm rau xa cov hluav taws xob reactive, muaj cov lej sib txawv ntawm qhov voltages ntawm ob qho kawg, uas tuaj yeem pom tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv qhov nqaim.Ntxiv nrog rau ntau cov khoom siv hauv network siv cov khoom siv reactive, ntau cov khoom siv kuj yuav tsum tau siv cov khoom siv reactive.Lub zog reactive xav tau los ntawm cov khoom siv hauv network thiab cov khoom thauj yuav tsum muaj nyob rau qhov chaw hauv lub network.Obviously, cov reactive powers yog tag nrho cov muab los ntawm generators, thiab kev thauj mus los ntev yog tsis tsim nyog thiab feem ntau tsis yooj yim sua.Ib txoj hauv kev tsim nyog yog los tsim lub zog reactive qhov twg lub zog reactive yuav tsum tau noj, uas yog reactive zog them.
1. Lub ntsiab lus ntawm reactive fais fab nyiaj them
Hauv kev faib hluav taws xob hluav taws xob, txhawm rau ntsuas qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev them nyiaj rov qab muaj zog muaj peb yam hauv qab no:
1. Yuav kom txo tau lub peev xwm ntawm cov khoom siv kab sib chaws thiab ua kom cov khoom tsim tawm
Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej uas lub hwj chim zoo tsis hloov, lub zog ntawm daim phiaj hluav taws xob nce thiab lub zog reactive kuj txo.Nws tuaj yeem pom los ntawm cov qauv S-√P2 + Q2 tias lub zog yuav inevitably txo qis.Piv txwv li, yog tias chav tsev siv hluav taws xob xav tau 200kW hluav taws xob, thiab lub zog hluav taws xob yog 0.4, nws tuaj yeem tau txais los ntawm COSφ = P / S, S = P / cosφ = 500kV.A, uas yog, lub zog ntawm ib transformer uas yuav tsum tau 500kV.A yog 0.8, tsuas yog yuav tsum tau rau nruab ib 250kV.A transformer.Nws tuaj yeem pom tau tias thaum lub zog coefficient nce, cov cuab yeej tsim nyog yuav raug txo kom raws li.
2. Seb qhov voltage thiab zaus ntawm lub hwj chim taw tes yog nyob ze rau qhov tsis tu ncua.
(A) Txawm hais tias lub hwj chim yog ze rau 1.
(b) Hauv peb-theem system, seb cov theem tam sim no thiab theem voltages sib npaug.
Kev siv lub zog hluav taws xob rov qab los txhim kho lub zog tsis tuaj yeem tsuas yog txo cov hluav taws xob poob los ntawm kev sib kis tam sim no, tab sis kuj tseem txhim kho thiab ua kom muaj zog ntawm cov neeg siv kawg, thiab txhim kho kev lag luam kev lag luam ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob.Yog li ntawd, reactive zog them nyiaj ib txwm yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm lub hwj chim mov thiab faib system.
3. Yuav kom txuag tau cov nqi hluav taws xob
Raws li txoj cai tam sim no tus nqi hluav taws xob hauv peb lub teb chaws, cov neeg siv khoom uas nws cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntau tshaj 100kV.A (kW) yuav tsum tau kho cov nqi hluav taws xob, thiab raug nplua thaum cov nqi hluav taws xob tsawg dua tus nqi tus qauv.Reactive fais fab nyiaj them rov qab tau txhim kho qhov zoo ntawm lub zog, txo qis lossis zam qhov nce ntawm cov nqi hluav taws xob vim muaj hluav taws xob tsawg, thiab txuag cov nqi hluav taws xob.
4. Txhawm rau txo cov nqi nplua ntawm cov tuam txhab fais fab
Nrog rau kev nce ntxiv ntawm kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig, cov tuam txhab hluav taws xob maj mam tswj hwm lub zog pov tseg ntawm kev lag luam, yog li cov tuam txhab hluav taws xob tau raug nplua ntau dua hauv qee lub tuam txhab.Txhawm rau txo qhov kev nplua ntawm cov tuam txhab hluav taws xob, cov tuam txhab pib hloov cov capacitors los them rau lub zog reactive., Txo kev siv hluav taws xob.
5. Txuas lub neej kev pab cuam ntawm cov khoom siv
Hais txog tus nqi tsim khoom, lub tuam txhab yuav tsum suav cov nqi qis ntawm cov khoom siv los xam cov nqi tsim khoom thiab thaum kawg txiav txim siab lub tuam txhab cov nyiaj tau los txhua xyoo.Txawm li cas los xij, ntau yam khoom siv yuav tsum tau muab tso tseg vim yog cov khoom siv hnyav hnyav hnyav thiab feem ntau siv rau 3-5 xyoos, feem ntau yog vim muaj zog reactive.Siab, ua rau cov khoom laus, yog li ntau thiab ntau lub tuam txhab pib them nyiaj rau capacitors kom ntev lub neej kev pab cuam ntawm cov khoom siv.
Thib ob, lub luag hauj lwm ntawm reactive zog them nyiaj
Lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob reactive yog muab cov khoom tsim nyog reactive raws li cov khoom siv hluav taws xob reactive los ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob reactive.Fais fab mov ib puag ncig, txhim kho daim phiaj zoo.
Reactive fais fab nyiaj them txee ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev siv hluav taws xob.Siv cov cuab yeej them nyiaj tsim nyog tuaj yeem txo qhov poob ntawm daim phiaj hluav taws xob.Ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, kev xaiv thiab kev siv tsis raug yuav ua rau muaj ntau yam xws li cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, kev hloov hluav taws xob, thiab kev sib haum xeeb nce.
Reactive fais fab nyiaj them yog siv qhov chaw sab nraud los them cov hluav taws xob reactive siv los ntawm lub sijhawm ua haujlwm.Cov cuab yeej uas muab qhov chaw tam sim no dhau los ua cov khoom siv hluav taws xob reactive.Cov khoom siv them nyiaj ntau tshaj yog lub zog hluav taws xob sib txuas.
1. Txhim kho lub zog siv hluav taws xob thiab thauj khoom siv hluav taws xob, txo cov cuab yeej muaj peev xwm, thiab txo qis kev siv hluav taws xob
2. Kev txhim kho qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab cov khoom siv ua haujlwm tuaj yeem ua kom cov khoom siv ua haujlwm raws li kev ua haujlwm ib txwm muaj, uas ua rau muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm kev tsim khoom.
3. Txuag hluav taws xob, txo cov nqi tsim khoom, thiab txo cov nqi hluav taws xob hauv tuam txhab.
4. Nws tuaj yeem txo cov kab hluav taws xob siv thiab txhim kho cov hluav taws xob sib kis tau zoo.
5. Stabilize qhov voltage ntawm qhov kawg tau txais thiab daim phiaj hluav taws xob, thiab txhim kho cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo.Dynamic reactive fais fab nyiaj them lub zog dynamic reactive ntawm qhov tsim nyog txoj hauj lwm ntawm txoj kab sib txuas mus ntev tuaj yeem txhim kho kev ruaj ntseg ntawm kev sib kis thiab ua kom muaj peev xwm kis tau tus mob.
6. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm qhov tsis sib npaug ntawm peb-theem loads xws li electrified railways, lub loads zoo thiab ineffective loads ntawm peb theem tuaj yeem sib npaug los ntawm cov nyiaj them tsis zoo.
3. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm reactive zog them nyiaj
Txuas lub tshuab hluav taws xob nrog lub peev xwm hluav taws xob thiab lub zog hluav taws xob inductive ntawm tib lub voj voog, lub inductive load absorbs lub zog thaum lub capacitive load tawm lub zog, thiab lub capacitive load absorbs lub zog thaum lub inductive load tawm lub zog, thiab lub zog sib koom ntawm lub ob loads pauv ntawm.Nyob rau hauv txoj kev no, lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm reactive them yog hais tias lub reactive zog absorbed los ntawm inductive load yog compensated los ntawm lub reactive zog tso zis los ntawm lub capacitive load.
Nyob rau hauv lub zog tiag tiag, feem ntau ntawm cov loads yog asynchronous motors, thiab qhov sib npaug ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob feem ntau suav nrog asynchronous motors tuaj yeem suav tau tias yog lub voj voog uas tsis kam r thiab inductance l txuas nrog hauv series, thiab nws lub zog yog
Hauv cov qauv
Tom qab txuas R thiab L circuits nyob rau hauv parallel thiab txuas lawv mus rau capacitor C, Circuit Court yog qhia hauv daim duab (a) hauv qab no.Qhov sib npaug tam sim no ntawm Circuit Court yog:
Nws tuaj yeem pom los ntawm daim duab phasor hauv daim duab hauv qab no tias theem sib txawv ntawm qhov voltage U thiab tam sim no kuv ua me me tom qab lub capacitor txuas nrog rau qhov sib npaug, uas yog, lub zog ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob nce.Lub sijhawm no, theem ntawm cov khoom siv tam sim no kuv poob qab qhov voltage U, uas yog hu ua undercompensation.
Circuit Court thiab phasor daim duab ntawm parallel capacitance them reactive zog nyob rau hauv daim duab
(a) circuits;
(b) Phasor daim duab (undercompensated);
(c) Phasor daim duab (overcompensation)
Lub capacitance ntawm lub capacitor c yog qhov loj heev, thiab cov theem ntawm cov khoom noj tam sim no kuv tshaj qhov voltage u, uas yog hu ua overcompensation, thiab nws cov phasor daim duab qhia hauv daim duab (c).Feem ntau, qhov xwm txheej ntawm kev tsis txaus siab overcompensation yuav ua rau lub zog theem nrab ntawm lub transformer nce, thiab lub capacitive reactive zog yuav ua rau kom lub zog poob ib yam li cov kab hluav taws xob sib kis.Thaum qhov hluav taws xob ntawm cov kab hluav taws xob nce, lub zog poob ntawm lub capacitor nws tus kheej kuj yuav nce, thiab qhov kub thiab txias yuav nce., yuav cuam tshuam rau lub neej ntawm lub capacitor.
4. Vim li cas peb thiaj li yuav tsum tau them nyiaj rov qab muaj zog ntxiv, thiab nws yuav ua li cas?
Tus nqi ntawm cov hluav taws xob reactive zog nce nyob rau hauv ib qho taw tes hauv daim phiaj hluav taws xob, thiab lub zog reactive ntws ntawm tag nrho cov kab txuas thiab transformers los ntawm qhov taw tes no mus rau lub hwj chim mov txo, thiab lub hwj chim poob txuas nrog rau qhov point no txo, realizing lub zog txuag thiab kev txhim kho fais fab zoo.
Reactive fais fab nyiaj them yuav tsum tau centralized them nyiaj rau cov nyiaj txiag tsis zoo sib npaug.Xaiv qhov nyiaj tau los thiab qhov peev xwm them nyiaj.Siv lub zog hluav taws xob, cov neeg siv khoom tuaj yeem ua cov nyiaj them rov qab ua haujlwm raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev txhim kho lub zog.Kev faib khoom them nyiaj ua ntej txiav txim siab qhov yuav tsum tau muaj ntawm kev tswj hwm hluav taws xob ua kom tsis muaj kev sib kis mus ntev tsis raug.Kev them nyiaj yug Cov khoom siv yog npaj raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm "qib nyiaj them, qhov nyiaj tshuav hauv zos" kom paub tias muaj cov khoom siv tsis raug.
Reactive fais fab nyiaj them feem ntau tsis xav kom overcompensate, vim hais tias nws yuav ua rau cov theem nrab voltage ntawm lub transformer, thiab lub peev xwm ntawm reactive hwj chim kis tau tus mob ntawm lub hwj chim kab kuj yuav ua rau kom lub hwj chim poob, uas yog, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob reactive zog. daim phiaj.Qhov teeb meem no feem ntau yog tshwm sim los ntawm lub zog reactive ntawm daim phiaj fais fab.Lub overvoltage tshwm sim los ntawm qhov ntau dhau yuav ua rau overvoltage puas tsuaj rau daim phiaj, yog li nws yuav tsum tau nruab ib lub reactor kom nqus tau reactive zog.Nyob rau hauv lub hwj chim system, yog hais tias nws yog unbalanced, lub voltage ntawm lub system yuav poob, thiab nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv loj, cov cuab yeej yuav puas lawm thiab lub system yuav disarmed.Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev poob qis ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob hauv lub network thiab qhov hluav taws xob ua rau tsis muaj peev xwm ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob kom siv tau tag nrho, qhov txo qis ntawm lub peev xwm sib txuas ntawm lub network, thiab nce kev poob.Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov tswv yim tseem ceeb los txhim kho qhov zoo ntawm kev ua hauj lwm voltage, txhim kho lub hwj chim, txo qhov system poob, thiab txhim kho cov efficiency ntawm lub hwj chim mov system.
Lub sij hawm xa tuaj: Plaub Hlis-13-2023