Zaus converters yog dav siv nyob rau hauv qhov sib txawv ceev kis tau tus mob system kev lag luam nyob rau hauv industrial ntau lawm.Vim hais tias ntawm lub zog hloov cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub inverter rectifier Circuit Court, ib tug raug discrete system load yog generated ntawm nws switching fais fab mov.Lub zaus converter feem ntau ua haujlwm ib txhij nrog lwm yam khoom siv xws li khoos phis tawj thiab cov sensors ntawm qhov chaw.Cov cuab yeej no feem ntau tau teeb tsa nyob ze thiab tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau ib leeg.Yog li ntawd, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hluav taws xob uas sawv cev los ntawm kev hloov pauv zaus yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob hauv pej xeem, thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sib raug zoo tsim los ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hluav taws xob tau dhau los ua qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb rau kev tsim hluav taws xob hluav taws xob hauv tshuab hluav taws xob nws tus kheej.
1.1 Dab tsi yog harmonics
Lub hauv paus ua rau harmonics yog discrete system loading.Thaum ib tug tam sim no ntws los ntawm lub load, tsis muaj linear kev sib raug zoo nrog rau cov ntaub ntawv voltage, thiab ib tug tam sim no tsis yog ib tug sine yoj ntws, tsim kom muaj harmonics ntau dua.Harmonic frequencies yog integer multiples ntawm lub hauv paus zaus.Raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev tsom xam ntawm Fabkis txoj kev ua lej Fourier (M.Fourier), txhua qhov rov ua dua waveform tuaj yeem decomposed mus rau hauv sine yoj Cheebtsam nrog rau qhov tseem ceeb zaus thiab kev sib haum xeeb ntawm cov txheej txheem ntau zaus.Harmonics yog sinusoidal waveforms, thiab txhua qhov sinusoidal waveform feem ntau muaj qhov sib txawv, amplitude, thiab theem kaum.Harmonics tuaj yeem muab faib ua tus lej sib npaug thiab khib, qhov thib peb, thib tsib thiab xya tus lej yog qhov sib txawv tsis zoo, thiab tus lej thib ob, kaum plaub, thib rau thiab yim yog qhov sib haum xeeb.Piv txwv li, thaum lub hauv paus nthwv dej yog 50Hz, qhov thib ob harmonic yog 10Hz, thiab qhov thib peb harmonic yog 150Hz.Feem ntau, khib harmonics muaj kev puas tsuaj ntau dua li harmonics.Nyob rau hauv ib tug sib npaug peb-theem system, vim symmetry, txawm harmonics tau raug tshem tawm thiab tsuas khib harmonics nyob.Rau peb-theem rectifier load, lub harmonic tam sim no yog 6n 1 harmonic, xws li 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, thiab lwm yam. Lub soft starter key ua rau 5th thiab 7th harmonics.
1.2 Cov qauv tsim nyog rau kev tswj hwm kev sib haum xeeb
Inverter harmonic tswj yuav tsum tau xyuam xim rau cov qauv hauv qab no: cov qauv tiv thaiv kev cuam tshuam: EN50082-1, -2, EN61800-3: cov qauv hluav taws xob: EN5008l-1, -2, EN61800-3.Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog IEC10003, IEC1800-3 (EN61800-3), IEC555 (EN60555) thiab IEEE519-1992.
Cov qauv kev tiv thaiv kev cuam tshuam dav dav EN50081 thiab EN50082 thiab zaus hloov pauv tus qauv EN61800 (1ECl800-3) txhais cov hluav taws xob thiab tiv thaiv kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov cuab yeej ua haujlwm hauv ntau qhov chaw.Cov qauv uas tau hais los saum toj no txhais tau hais tias muaj hluav taws xob nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig sib txawv: qib L, tsis muaj hluav taws xob txwv.Nws yog qhov tsim nyog rau cov neeg siv uas siv cov pib muag muag nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig uas tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam thiab cov neeg siv uas daws cov teeb meem hluav taws xob los ntawm lawv tus kheej.Chav kawm h yog qhov txwv tau teev tseg los ntawm EN61800-3, thawj ib puag ncig: txwv kev faib tawm, ib puag ncig thib ob.Raws li ib qho kev xaiv rau lub xov tooj cua zaus lim, nruab nrog lub xov tooj cua zaus lim tuaj yeem ua rau cov pib muag muag raws li kev lag luam qib, uas feem ntau yog siv rau hauv qhov chaw tsis muaj kev lag luam.
2 Harmonic tswj ntsuas
Cov teeb meem kev sib raug zoo tuaj yeem tswj tau, kev cuam tshuam hluav taws xob thiab kev cuam tshuam ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob tuaj yeem cuam tshuam, thiab kev ntsuas xws li kev tiv thaiv, kev sib cais, hauv av, thiab kev lim dej tuaj yeem siv tau.
(1) Siv cov lim passive lossis lim dej ua haujlwm;
(2) Nqa lub transformer, txo cov yam ntxwv impedance ntawm Circuit Court, thiab disconnect lub hwj chim kab;
(3) Siv ntsuab soft starter, tsis muaj pa phem tam sim no.
2.1 Siv cov ntxaij lim dej passive lossis nquag siv
Passive lim yog tsim rau kev hloov cov yam ntxwv impedance ntawm kev hloov cov khoom siv fais fab ntawm cov zaus tshwj xeeb, thiab tsim nyog rau cov tshuab uas ruaj khov thiab tsis hloov.Cov ntxaij lim dej nquag tsim nyog rau kev them nyiaj tsis sib xws ntawm qhov system loads.
Passive lim yog tsim rau cov txheej txheem ib txwm muaj.Cov lim dej passive tau tshwm sim thawj zaug vim nws cov qauv yooj yim thiab meej, tsis tshua muaj peev txheej, kev ua haujlwm siab ntseeg tau thiab tus nqi qis ua haujlwm.Lawv tseem yog txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb ntawm kev tshem tawm cov dej ntws tawm.Lub LC lim yog ib txwm ua haujlwm siab ua kom muaj kev sib haum xeeb tiv thaiv cov cuab yeej.Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog ua ke ntawm lim capacitors, reactors thiab resistors, thiab txuas nrog rau qhov sib npaug ntawm qhov kev txiav txim siab sib haum xeeb.Ntxiv nrog rau kev lim dej, nws kuj muaj qhov tsis raug them nyiaj ua haujlwm.Cov khoom siv zoo li no muaj qee qhov kev tsis txaus ntseeg.Tus yuam sij yog ib qho yooj yim heev rau overloaded, thiab nws yuav hlawv tawm thaum overloaded, uas yuav ua rau lub hwj chim loj tshaj tus qauv, them nyiaj thiab rau txim.Tsis tas li ntawd, cov ntxaij lim dej passive tsis muaj kev tswj hwm, yog li lub sijhawm dhau los, kev hloov pauv ntxiv lossis kev hloov pauv hauv lub network yuav hloov cov resonance series thiab txo cov nyhuv lim.Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj, cov lim dej tsis muaj peev xwm tsuas lim tau ib qho kev txiav txim siab sib haum xeeb (yog tias muaj lub lim dej, nws tsuas tuaj yeem lim qhov thib peb harmonic), yog li ntawd yog tias sib txawv siab sib haum xeeb ntau zaus raug lim, cov lim sib txawv tuaj yeem siv los nce. khoom siv peev nyiaj.
Muaj ntau ntau hom kev lim dej hauv ntau lub teb chaws hauv ntiaj teb, uas tuaj yeem taug qab thiab them nyiaj rau cov mem tes tam sim no ntawm ntau zaus thiab amplitudes, thiab cov yam ntxwv them nyiaj yuav tsis cuam tshuam los ntawm cov yam ntxwv impedance ntawm daim phiaj hluav taws xob.Lub tswv yim tseem ceeb ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob engineering lim tau yug hauv xyoo 1960, ua raws li kev txhim kho ntawm qhov loj, nruab nrab thiab me me tso zis hluav taws xob tag nrho-tswj integrated circuit technology, kev txhim kho cov mem tes dav kev tswj qhov system, thiab cov kev sib haum xeeb raws li qhov instantaneous ceev reactive load txoj kev xav.Lub tswv yim meej ntawm tam sim no instantaneous ceev xyuas txoj kev tau coj mus rau txoj kev loj hlob sai ntawm active zog engineering lim.Nws lub tswv yim tseem ceeb yog los saib xyuas qhov kev sib haum xeeb tam sim no los ntawm lub hom phiaj them nyiaj, thiab cov khoom siv nyiaj ua haujlwm tsim ib qhov zaus ntawm cov nyiaj them tam sim no nrog tib qhov loj thiab qhov sib txawv polarity raws li qhov sib haum xeeb tam sim no, thiaj li ua rau offset pulse tam sim no los ntawm pulse tam sim no. qhov chaw ntawm thawj kab, thiab tom qab ntawd ua rau tam sim no ntawm lub hwj chim network Tsuas yog cov kev pabcuam tseem ceeb suav nrog.Qhov tseem ceeb yog lub harmonic yoj generator thiab tsis siv neeg tswj qhov system, uas yog, nws ua hauj lwm los ntawm lub digital image processing technology uas tswj lub ceev insulating txheej triode.
Nyob rau theem no, nyob rau hauv lub nam ntawm tshwj xeeb mem tes tam sim no tswj, passive lim thiab active lim tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm complementary thiab mixed daim ntaub ntawv, ua tag nrho cov zoo ntawm active filters xws li yooj yim thiab meej qauv, yooj yim txij nkawm, tsis muaj nqi. , thiab them nyiaj ua haujlwm zoo.Nws tshem tawm qhov tsis xws luag ntawm cov ntim loj thiab nce nqi ntawm cov lim dej ua haujlwm, thiab muab ob qho tib si ua ke kom tag nrho cov software tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo.
2.2 Txo qhov impedance ntawm lub voj thiab txiav tawm txoj kev sib kis
Lub hauv paus ua rau muaj kev sib haum xeeb yog vim kev siv cov khoom tsis-linear, yog li ntawd, cov kev daws teeb meem yooj yim yog cais cov kab hluav taws xob ntawm cov khoom sib haum xeeb los ntawm cov kab hluav taws xob ntawm cov khoom sib haum xeeb.Lub distorted tam sim no generated los ntawm lub nonlinear load ua ib tug distorted voltage poob ntawm lub impedance ntawm cable, thiab cov synthesized distorted voltage waveform yog siv rau lwm yam loads txuas nrog tib kab, qhov twg ntau dua harmonic tam sim no ntws.Yog li ntawd, kev ntsuas los txo cov mem tes tam sim no kev puas tsuaj kuj tuaj yeem tswj tau los ntawm kev ua kom qhov chaw hla ntawm lub cable thiab txo lub voj impedance.Tam sim no, txoj hauv kev xws li kev ua kom muaj peev xwm hloov pauv, ua rau thaj tsam ntawm cov kab sib txuas, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ua rau thaj tsam ntawm cov kab hluav taws xob nruab nrab, thiab xaiv cov khoom tiv thaiv xws li cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob thiab cov fuses tau siv dav hauv Suav teb.Txawm li cas los xij, txoj kev no tsis tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov kev sib raug zoo, tab sis txo qis kev tiv thaiv cov yam ntxwv thiab kev ua haujlwm, nce peev, thiab ua rau muaj kev phom sij zais hauv lub zog hluav taws xob.Txuas linear loads thiab non-linear loads los ntawm tib lub hwj huam mov
Cov ntsiab lus ntawm qhov hluav taws xob (PCCs) pib muab lub zog rau lub voj voog ib tus zuj zus, yog li qhov hluav taws xob tawm ntawm qhov hluav taws xob los ntawm cov khoom sib cais tsis tuaj yeem hloov mus rau cov kab hluav taws xob.Qhov no yog ib qho kev daws teeb meem zoo tshaj plaws rau cov teeb meem kev sib haum xeeb tam sim no.
2.3 Siv emerald ntsuab inverter zog yam tsis muaj kev sib haum xeeb
Cov txheej txheem zoo ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob ntsuab yog tias cov tswv yim thiab cov zis tam sim no yog sine tsis muaj zog, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tuaj yeem tswj tau, lub zog hluav taws xob tuaj yeem raug teeb tsa rau 1 nyob rau hauv ib qho kev thauj khoom, thiab cov zis zaus ntawm lub zog zaus tuaj yeem tswj tau arbitrarily.Lub built-in AC reactor ntawm lub zaus converter tuaj yeem tiv thaiv cov kev sib raug zoo thiab tiv thaiv tus choj rectifier los ntawm kev cuam tshuam ntawm qhov nrawm nrawm ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob.Kev xyaum qhia tau hais tias qhov kev sib haum xeeb tam sim no tsis muaj reactor yog pom tseeb siab dua qhov uas muaj reactor.Txhawm rau txo qhov cuam tshuam los ntawm kev ua kom muaj kuab lom, lub suab nrov lim tau muab tso rau hauv cov zis hluav taws xob ntawm lub zaus hloov pauv.Thaum lub zaus converter tso cai, tus cab kuj zaus ntawm lub zaus converter yog txo.Tsis tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv high-power zaus converters, 12-pulse los yog 18-pulse rectification feem ntau yog siv, yog li txo cov harmonic cov ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv lub hwj chim mov los ntawm kev tshem tawm cov harmonics tsawg.Piv txwv li, 12 pulses, qhov qis tshaj harmonics yog 11th, 13th, 23rd, thiab 25th harmonics.Ib yam li ntawd, rau 18 ib qho pulses, ob peb qhov sib haum xeeb yog 17th thiab 19th harmonics.
Cov tshuab tsis tshua muaj kev sib haum xeeb siv hauv cov pib muag muag tuaj yeem ua tiav raws li hauv qab no:
(1) Lub series multiplication ntawm inverter fais fab mov module xaiv 2 los yog li 2 series-txuas inverter fais fab mov modules, thiab tshem tawm cov harmonic Cheebtsam raws li lub waveform tsub zuj zuj.
(2) Rectifier Circuit Court nce.Pulse width modulation soft starters siv 121-pulse, 18-pulse lossis 24-pulse rectifiers los txo cov mem tes tam sim no.
(3) Rov qab siv cov inverter fais fab modules hauv series, los ntawm kev siv 30 ib leeg-pulse series inverter fais fab modules thiab rov siv lub zog hluav taws xob, cov mem tes tam sim no tuaj yeem txo.
(4) Siv DC zaus hloov kho txoj kev hloov pauv tshiab, xws li pob zeb diamond modulation ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob vector.Tam sim no, ntau lub tuam txhab inverter muab qhov tseem ceeb rau qhov teeb meem kev sib haum xeeb, thiab technically xyuas kom meej qhov ntsuab ntawm lub inverter thaum tsim, thiab hauv paus daws teeb meem harmonic.
3 Kev xaus
Feem ntau, peb tuaj yeem nkag siab meej txog qhov ua rau muaj kev sib haum xeeb.Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm kev ua haujlwm tiag tiag, tib neeg tuaj yeem xaiv cov lim dej tsis zoo thiab cov lim dej ua haujlwm kom txo tau cov yam ntxwv impedance ntawm lub voj, txiav tawm txoj kev txheeb ze ntawm kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev sib raug zoo, txhim kho thiab siv cov mos mos ntsuab pib tsis muaj kev sib haum xeeb, thiab tig cov mos mos ntawm kev sib haum xeeb tsim los ntawm lub starter yog tswj nyob rau hauv ib tug me me ntau yam.
Lub sij hawm xa tuaj: Plaub Hlis-13-2023